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IBM X201 Linux (ubuntu) 记录

X201过热； 指纹登录； 更换启动界面； 修复分区表和GRUB引导; 休眠

xxd - Linux HEX editor

Linux Baidu Pan

X201过热

安装以下软件，Linux比安装之前降温10度左右

lm_sensor (and afterwards I did run sensors-detect)
thermald
TLP
intel-ucode

TLP

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tlp
## thinkpad
sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms
### uninstall
sudo apt-get remove tlp
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:linrunner/tlp
##
/etc/default/tlp
##
sudo tlp start
sudo tlp-stat

thermald

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sudo apt-get install thermald

CPU freqs

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sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq

指纹登录

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## For Ubuntu 16.04 or greater:
sudo apt install libpam-fprintd fprint-demo
## For Ubuntu 15.04 or less
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:fingerprint/fprint
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libfprint0 fprint-demo libpam-fprintd gksu-polkit
## After that, you can test it by running fprint_demo and save the fingerprint with fprintd-enroll. This will automatically make your login screen require a finger swipe instead of a password.

更换启动界面

How to change boot splash screen in 18.04
Plymouth Themes

to install:

  1. copy file to /usr/share/plymouth/themes

  2. run in terminal:

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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/share/plymouth/themes/default.plymouth default.plymouth /usr/share/plymouth/themes/<your theme>/<your theme>.plymouth 100
sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth
sudo update-initramfs -u

initramfs: initramfs is a tiny version of the OS that gets loaded by the bootloader, right after the kernel. It lives in RAM, and it provides just enough tools and instructions to tell the kernel how to set up the real filesystem, mount the HDD read/write, and start loading all the system services. It includes the stub of init, PID #1. If your initramfs is broken, your boot fails.
update-initramfs is a script that updates initramfs to work with a new kernel. In the Debian universe, you shouldn’t need to run this command manually except under very unusual circumstances - a post-install script automatically handles it for you when you install a new kernel package.

测试命令

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sudo apt install plymouth-x11

sudo plymouthd ; sudo plymouth --show-splash ; for ((I=0; I<10; I++)); do sleep 1 ; sudo plymouth --update=test$I ; done ; sudo plymouth --quit

不小心把分区表弄坏了

  1. 先别慌，别往硬盘里写东西

  2. 用晨风或类似WinPE工具盘启动电脑。用Partition Magic之类的软件提供的恢复丢失分区找回分区

  3. 修复GRUB2.制作Ubuntu/Xubuntu/Lubuntu启动盘引导系统,用Boot Repair修复引导扇区，这个方法对双、多系统也有效，工具会识别出所有的可引导系统并加到Grub2菜单中。

Restore MBR from Ubuntu live CD / USB

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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair
boot-repair

Ubuntu18.04休眠

注意如果用固态硬盘，不应该使用休眠功能，否则影响固态硬盘寿命

  • 1 先确定交换分区至少跟物理内存一样大。

理论上交换分区小于物理内存也可以成功。而且最好比物理内存大一点。（我就是在扩展交换分区大小时把分区表弄坏的，花了半天的时间才恢复原样）

Add ‘Hibernate’ Option in Power Menu in Ubuntu 18.04
How can I hibernate on Ubuntu 16.04

  • 2 测试系统支持休眠，注意，以下命令回立刻将系统休眠，执行前请确保已经保存你的工作。
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sudo systemctl hibernate
  • 3 在菜单上增加休眠按钮
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sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla

It opens nano with an empty file. Copy the lines below and paste them into the nano window.

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[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate;org.freedesktop.login1.handle-hibernate-key;org.freedesktop.login1;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit
ResultActive=yes

Restart your computer and click the link to install the gnome extension: Hibernate Status Button.(第一个参考帖子里有截图)

  • 4 修改GRUB增加resume参数

找到交换分区:

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grep swap /etc/fstab

for me this returns (partial output)

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# swap was on /dev/sda3 during installation

/dev/sda3是安装系统时用的交换分区，如果安装之后没改过的话。

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sudoedit /etc/default/grub

To the line starting GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT add resume=/dev/YourSwapPartition to the section in quotes (replace with the the partition you identified earlier). Using my example:

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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash resume=/dev/sda3"

更新/etc/default/grub文件之后，运行以下命令更新grub以使之生效

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sudo update-grub

注： 除了像上面使用交换分区，还可以使用交换文件实现休眠功能

在我重新创建了交换分区后，交换分区号和UUID都变了，于是需要用以下方法重新设置

注:我曾经试过不用休眠功能，于是我把/etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume文件删了，删掉后，Linux启动特别慢，内核启动大概10多秒，恢复这个文件并更新ramfs之后，变回3秒之内

I have enabled hibernate but it isn’t working. What can I do?

以下方法在Ubuntu18.04测试有效

There is two way to fix this.

  • Editing the /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume file

    First get the UUID of the swap partition.

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    sudo blkid | grep swap

    This will output a line similar to this:

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    /dev/sda12: UUID="a14f3380-810e-49a7-b42e-72169e66c432" TYPE="swap"

    The actually line will not match with this. Copy the value of UUID in between “…” double quote.

    Open the resume file

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    sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume

    And in that file, add a line like this

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    RESUME=UUID=a14f3380-810e-49a7-b42e-72169e66c432

    Don’t forget to replace the actual UUID value you get from step 1. Save the file and exit gedit

    Then in terminal, execute this command

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    sudo update-initramfs -u

You will now be able to resume from hibernation

  • Editing the /etc/default/grub file.

    Open a terminal and execute the below command to open it

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    sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

    There will be a line like GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=”quiet splash”
    . Edit the line to insert RESUME=UUID=<your-uuid-value-here> after the word splash.

    For example in my case, the line looks like this after editing

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    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash resume=UUID=a14f3380-810e-49a7-b42e-72169e66c432"

    Make sure, you used your UUID value you get from sudo blkid | grep swap command.

    Then do this command

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    sudo update-grub

This also enable you to successfully get resumed from hibernate.

更改Login登录界面背景

How to Change the Ubuntu Login screen

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sudo gedit /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css

替换lockDialogGroup段如下

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#lockDialogGroup {
background: #2c001e url(file:///usr/share/backgrounds/gdmlock.jpg);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: cover;
background-position: center;
}

Alt-F2 -> r

电脑挂起后，禁用鼠标唤醒

鼠标移动唤醒计算机从挂起如何禁用这里操作？

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$ ls -l /lib/systemd/system-sleep
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  92 2月  22  2018 hdparm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 212 3月  27 17:36 mouse_logitech
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 219 2月  21 21:58 unattended-upgrades

$ cat /lib/systemd/system-sleep/mouse_logitech
#!/bin/sh
if [! -r /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/power/wakeup ]; then
 exit 0
fi
case"$1" in
 pre )
 echo disabled > /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/power/wakeup
;;
esac

用CloneZilla拷贝硬盘/分区

有linux的分区用Ghost复制后不好用，不知道是不是我用的版本太老了。用CloneZilla好用。下载iso，做启动盘，启动，复制